Bipolar Disorder: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Support
Bipolar disorder is a serious mental health condition that causes people to experience extreme mood swings. These mood shifts range from emotional highs (mania or hypomania) to deep lows (depression). While there’s no cure, medications, therapy, and lifestyle changes can help manage the condition effectively.
Need Immediate Help?
If you or someone you know is experiencing a mental health crisis or emergency, help is available 24/7. Don’t wait—reach out to a local mental health service, crisis line, or hospital emergency department for urgent support.
Overview: What Is Bipolar Disorder?
Bipolar disorder causes intense mood changes that go beyond typical emotional ups and downs. These shifts can impact energy levels, thinking, behavior, and the ability to carry out daily tasks.
Types of Mood Episodes:
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Mania or Hypomania (High Moods): Feelings of extreme happiness, energy, or irritability.
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Depression (Low Moods): Feelings of sadness, fatigue, hopelessness, or lack of interest in daily life.
These episodes may last days, weeks, or even longer. In between, many people experience stable periods with no symptoms at all.
Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder
The symptoms vary depending on the type of episode you are experiencing.
Symptoms of Mania or Hypomania:
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Feeling unusually happy, elated, or overexcited
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Talking very quickly or jumping between topics
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Reduced need for sleep
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Racing thoughts
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Increased activity, energy, or restlessness
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Engaging in risky behavior (spending sprees, impulsive decisions)
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Feeling invincible or extremely confident
Symptoms of Depression:
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Persistent sadness or low mood
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Lack of energy or constant tiredness
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Difficulty concentrating
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Loss of interest in hobbies or relationships
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Sleep problems (too much or too little)
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Changes in appetite or weight
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Thoughts of self-harm or suicide
When to See a Doctor
You should speak to your GP (general practitioner) or mental health professional if:
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You have severe or long-lasting mood swings
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Your mood changes are affecting daily life, work, or relationships
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You’ve been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, but your current treatments aren’t helping
If you’re concerned about someone else, gently encourage them to seek medical help.
How Is Bipolar Disorder Diagnosed?
Diagnosing bipolar disorder can be complex. A GP may refer you to a psychiatrist, who will carry out a full assessment of:
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Your mood patterns and behavior
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Medical and psychiatric history
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Family history of mental illness
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Possible triggers or stress factors
Diagnosis can take time because symptoms often overlap with other mental health conditions such as depression, ADHD, or borderline personality disorder.
Treatment for Bipolar Disorder
Although bipolar disorder can’t be cured, it can be successfully managed with a personalized treatment plan. This often includes:
1. Medications
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Mood stabilizers
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Antidepressants (with caution)
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Antipsychotics
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Anti-anxiety medications
Important: Never stop taking prescribed medication without consulting your doctor, even if you feel better.
2. Psychological Therapies
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
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Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT)
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Family-focused therapy
You may also be supported by a community mental health team (CMHT) or crisis team depending on the severity of your symptoms.
Some medications are not safe during pregnancy. Talk to your doctor if you’re pregnant or planning to have a child.
Self-Help and Lifestyle Tips
Understanding your triggers and making healthy lifestyle choices can help manage bipolar symptoms.
What to Do:
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Maintain a regular daily routine
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Prioritize quality sleep
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Eat a balanced diet
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Exercise regularly
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Practice stress management techniques (e.g., yoga, mindfulness)
What to Avoid:
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Recreational drugs (especially cannabis and cocaine)
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Smoking
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Excessive alcohol consumption
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Shift work or long hours
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Jet lag or traveling across time zones
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High caffeine intake (coffee, cola, energy drinks)
Bipolar Disorder and Pregnancy
If you’re pregnant or planning to become pregnant, speak to your doctor early. Some treatments may need adjusting, and support should be tailored to protect both your mental health and your baby.
What Causes Bipolar Disorder?
The exact cause of bipolar disorder isn’t fully understood, but several factors are known to increase risk:
Risk Factors:
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Family history of bipolar disorder
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Childhood trauma or abuse
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Major life stressors (e.g., loss, relationship breakdown, financial issues)
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Drug use (particularly cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy)
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Exposure to the toxoplasma gondii parasite
These factors can influence the brain’s chemistry and increase vulnerability to mood instability.
Support for People With Bipolar Disorder
You’re not alone. Support is available through medical professionals, charities, and peer groups.
National Support:
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Bipolar UK – Support groups, helplines, eCommunity forum
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Mind – Resources and advice on living with bipolar
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Rethink Mental Illness – Carer and patient support services
Community & Online Support:
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Local peer-led groups
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Online forums
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Social media support networks
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Mental health blogs and lived experience stories
💬 Note: Always verify information shared in forums or on social media with a qualified medical professional.
Support for Families and Carers
If you’re caring for someone with bipolar disorder, you can access advice and emotional support through:
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Carers Hub (Rethink Mental Illness)
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Bipolar UK caregiver resources
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Mind support for families and friends
Caring for someone with bipolar disorder can be challenging—make sure to care for your own mental health too.
Additional Resources and Information
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Bipolar UK: www.bipolaruk.org
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Mind: www.mind.org.uk
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Rethink Mental Illness: www.rethink.org
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NHS Mental Health Services: www.nhs.uk
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Is bipolar disorder hereditary?
Yes, a family history of bipolar or other mood disorders can increase your risk.
2. Can bipolar disorder be cured?
There is no cure, but many people manage the condition well with medication, therapy, and support.
3. Can people with bipolar disorder lead normal lives?
Absolutely. With the right treatment and self-management, many people with bipolar disorder live full, successful lives.
Bipolar disorder is a long-term condition, but it can be effectively managed. With the right combination of treatment, lifestyle adjustments, and support, you can gain control over your symptoms and lead a fulfilling life.
